CHARACTERISTICS BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN CASES WITH LYMPHOMAS OF MEDIASTINAL LOCATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY AND RADIOBIOLOGY

Abstract

Lymphomas are the group of neoplastic diseases of lymphocytes. The diagnosis is based on the anamnesis, physical examination, lymph node biopsy and imaging studies that allow the disease to be assessed for its statistics and treatment. Objective: To characterize, with clinical-histological-imaging indicators, cases with lymphomas of mediastinal location treated at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from September 2017 to December 2019. Materials and methods: A preliminary, descriptive, prospective study was conducted in a population of 167 cases and a sample of 43 patients with lymphomas of mediastinal location. Variables were studied: sex, age, body mass index, symptoms and signs, tumor type, histological subtype, statistics by Ann-Arbor criteria, lymph node size and mediastinal location. Results: The peak incidence was recorded between 25-35 years. The highest number of specific cases of overweight (n = 10; 23.3%). Hodgkin lymphomas (n = 31, 71.8%), Nodular sclerosis subtype (n = 22, 51.2%) with stage IA (LH = 14, 32.6%) predominated. The average size of the nodes was 25.1 ± 17.3 mm. Nodal lesions were observed at all levels of the mediastinal anatomy, a predominance of the upper mediastinum. Other predominant features observed by CT include homogeneous hypodense nodes (n = 34; 79.07%), post-contrast enhancement with homogeneous uptake (n = 24; 55.81), invasion of neighboring structures (n = 18; 41.8%) and densities between 32-108 UH. Conclusions: Morphological changes were detected in the evaluation of the imaging indicators by contrast computed tomography, taking lymph node involvement and the size of lymphadenopathy as a fundamental criterion in the diagnosis, staging and reevaluation of cases with lymphomas.